Neurocognitive disorders are a category of neurological disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, attention, memory, perception, and problem solving. They include mild neurocognitive impairment, delirium, and major neurocognitive disorders (dementias). Although Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurocognitive disease worldwide, there are several other forms of dementia that should be distinguished from Alzheimer’s and require careful differential diagnosis for appropriate management.